Forward, Back, URL and Refresh with Selenium Webdriver

// back button

                        driver.navigate().back();

// Forward button

          driver.navigate().forward();

// Navigate to particular URL

          driver.navigate().to(“http://www.google.com”);
 // Refresh

1. driver.findElement(By.id("firstname-placeholder")).sendKeys(Keys.F5);

2. driver.navigate().refresh();

3. driver.navigate().to(driver.getCurrentUrl());

4. driver.get(driver.getCurrentUrl());

5. driver.findElement(By.id("firstname-placeholder")).sendKeys("\uE035");